Real Forests in Our Minds Metaphors and Prototypes in Discourse
نویسنده
چکیده
There are contradictory ideas concerning the function of metaphors in discourse. Cognitive linguists claim that metaphors are constitutive of reasoning, e.g. Lakoff (1986; 1987). In contrast, anthropologists claim that metaphors are not especially prominent in everyday discourse, e.g. Quinn (1991). This article is an attempt to reconcile the conflicting positions. Instead of the contemporary stress on analogies and similes, metaphors are defined as constructions of new prototypes and categories in discourse. This definition enables us to explain their implicit manifestations in discourse. Prototypes are usually old and conventional and consequently metaphors do not take an explicit form. The theoretical arguments are supported by examples of metaphors from modern Western discourse on nature
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